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lyostar 3  (ATS Scientific Inc)


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    ATS Scientific Inc lyostar 3
    Lyostar 3, supplied by ATS Scientific Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 403 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/lyostar+3/Hull+LyoStar+4%2E0+R%26D%2FProcess+Development+Freeze+Dryer/10__1186_slash_s41120___026___00147___5-59-8-8
    Average 96 stars, based on 403 article reviews
    lyostar 3 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Comparison:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Samples were dried using cycle A (Supplementary Data, sheet ) in Lyostar 3. b Goodness of fit comparison for model predicted and actual changes in infectivity titre. c Modelled main effect coefficients for titre change for the seven factors. ..

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration.
    Article Snippet: .. Samples were dried using cycle A (Supplementary Data, sheet 2) in Lyostar 3. b Goodness of fit comparison for model predicted and actual changes in infectivity titre. c Modelled main effect coefficients for titre change for the seven factors. ..

    Infection:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Samples were dried using cycle A (Supplementary Data, sheet ) in Lyostar 3. b Goodness of fit comparison for model predicted and actual changes in infectivity titre. c Modelled main effect coefficients for titre change for the seven factors. ..

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration.
    Article Snippet: .. Samples were dried using cycle A (Supplementary Data, sheet 2) in Lyostar 3. b Goodness of fit comparison for model predicted and actual changes in infectivity titre. c Modelled main effect coefficients for titre change for the seven factors. ..

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Virus:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Derivative Assay:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Spectrophotometry:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Lyophilization:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Formulation:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..

    Luciferase:

    Article Title: Lyophilization to enable distribution of ChAdOx1 and ChAdOx2 adenovirus-vectored vaccines without refrigeration
    Article Snippet: .. Points indicate mean measurements and error bars indicate standard error of the mean of 3 replicate samplings from a single reconstitute well (D) Particle size (represented as DLS Z-average) (E) Protein melting temperature (Tm, inferred from change in barycentric mean of intrinsic fluorescence during a temperature ramp) (F) Concentration of genome-containing virus particles, derived from UV spectrophotometry of SDS-treated solutions. stability and cake morphology (A) Cake morphology in plates with and without annealing +/- enhanced primary drying. (B) Cake morphology in vials after lyophilization with (top) and without (bottom) annealing ramp drying with varying fill depths Vials were filled with a range of volumes formulation TSM2 containing ChAdOx1 luciferase at 1x1011 VP/mL, or with 200 μL at 3.25x1011 VP/mL, and subjected to lyophilization using a cycle combining annealing with a slow temperature ramp during drying (Cycle E) in the Lyostar 3. (A) Cake appearance of representative vials and (B) titre loss as compared to pre-lyophilization, both after 50 days at 4 °C. ..



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    SP Industries lab-scale lyophilizer lyostar● 3
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    Image Search Results


    A photograph (left) and schematic (right) of qRF microwave lyophilization experimental setup on LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 freeze-dryer. Closed-loop components are marked in green.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A photograph (left) and schematic (right) of qRF microwave lyophilization experimental setup on LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 freeze-dryer. Closed-loop components are marked in green.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Lyophilization

    Formulations and cases considered with the corresponding measured primary drying times.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Formulations and cases considered with the corresponding measured primary drying times.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Formulation, Virus

    Fitting parameters used in simulations

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fitting parameters used in simulations

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques:

    Material properties used in process modeling.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Material properties used in process modeling.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Sublimation

    The normalized electric field distribution inside the qRF microwave chamber based on full-wave electromagnetic simulations using COMSOL for scatterer rotation angle \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta =0$$\end{document} and 152 degrees and excitation frequencies \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f=2.5$$\end{document} and 8 GHz.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The normalized electric field distribution inside the qRF microwave chamber based on full-wave electromagnetic simulations using COMSOL for scatterer rotation angle \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta =0$$\end{document} and 152 degrees and excitation frequencies \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f=2.5$$\end{document} and 8 GHz.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques:

    Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ) and ( b ), and pressures, ( c ), for Cases M1, ( a ) and ( c ), and M2, ( b ) and ( c ), of Table . Lumped-capacitance modeling results are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} represents the temperature of the vial wall’s outer surface. Model curves terminate at the predicted end of drying. Case M1 in ( a ) was used to tune the four microwave-related parameters, and Case M2 is a validation case.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ) and ( b ), and pressures, ( c ), for Cases M1, ( a ) and ( c ), and M2, ( b ) and ( c ), of Table . Lumped-capacitance modeling results are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} represents the temperature of the vial wall’s outer surface. Model curves terminate at the predicted end of drying. Case M1 in ( a ) was used to tune the four microwave-related parameters, and Case M2 is a validation case.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Experimentally measured temperatures and pressures for Cases SM1 and SM2 of Table , shown in ( a , c ) and ( b , c ) respectively. Lumped-capacitance model simulations are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are product temperature readings in different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} is the temperature measured on the outside wall of a vial. Model curves terminate at predicted end of primary drying. In ( a ), the model \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{p}$$\end{document} was adjusted to match product temperature readings. All microwave-related parameters are determined from Case M1 in Fig. below, so Case SM2 in ( b ) has no tuning parameters.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures and pressures for Cases SM1 and SM2 of Table , shown in ( a , c ) and ( b , c ) respectively. Lumped-capacitance model simulations are also shown in ( a ) and ( b ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are product temperature readings in different center vials; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {vw}$$\end{document} is the temperature measured on the outside wall of a vial. Model curves terminate at predicted end of primary drying. In ( a ), the model \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R_{p}$$\end{document} was adjusted to match product temperature readings. All microwave-related parameters are determined from Case M1 in Fig. below, so Case SM2 in ( b ) has no tuning parameters.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques:

    Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ), and pressures, ( b ), for the SM3 case of Table , with lumped-capacitance modeling results also shown in ( a ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials. Model curves terminate at predicted end of drying. No parameter tuning was carried out based on these experimental results, so this serves as a validation case for the model.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimentally measured temperatures, ( a ), and pressures, ( b ), for the SM3 case of Table , with lumped-capacitance modeling results also shown in ( a ). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f1}$$\end{document} , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f2}$$\end{document} , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_\text {f3}$$\end{document} are frozen product temperatures for different center vials. Model curves terminate at predicted end of drying. No parameter tuning was carried out based on these experimental results, so this serves as a validation case for the model.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Overlaid 13 C SSNMR spectra of lyophilized attenuated live virus vaccine formulations with regions used for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation time analysis highlighted. Conventional results are from Cycle V1, and RF/Microwave results are from Cycle V2.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Overlaid 13 C SSNMR spectra of lyophilized attenuated live virus vaccine formulations with regions used for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation time analysis highlighted. Conventional results are from Cycle V1, and RF/Microwave results are from Cycle V2.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Virus

    Solid-state NMR  \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document}  \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and  \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document}  \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}  \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation times for attenuated live virus formulations.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Solid-state NMR \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^1H$$\end{document} \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$T_{1\rho }$$\end{document} relaxation times for attenuated live virus formulations.

    Article Snippet: All conventional and qRF microwave lyophilization experiments are carried out in a lab-scale lyophilizer (LyoStar \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\circledR$$\end{document} 3 from SP Scientific) in the LyoHUB facility at Purdue University.

    Techniques: Virus